# Te Hono atu ki Tō Pātengi Raraunga mai i Tawhiti

Source: https://support.kapsulehost.com/mi-nz/database-remote-access

Ko te wāhi e kitea ai ō kī whakamotuhēhē pātengi raraunga, te take e whakakorehia ai ngā hononga mamao tōtika i runga i te tauranga 3306, me te āhua o te whakahono i tētahi taputapu papamahi mā roto i tētahi ana SSH.

Ka whiwhi ia pae tukutuku KapsuleHost e whai ana i tētahi pātengi raraunga i tōna ake pātengi raraunga, tōna ake kaiwhakamahi pātengi raraunga, me ngā kī whakamotuhēhē e taea ai te pānui i ngā wā katoa. Engari e kore koe e taea te hono tika atu ki a ia puta noa i te ipurangi, ā, he mea ata whakaarohia tēnei. Ka kapi i tēnei aratohu ngā kī whakamotuhēhē, ngā huarahi e rua kua tautokona, me te whakatika i te ana e hiahiatia ana e ngā taputapu pātengi raraunga papamahi.

## Te Kimi i Ō Kī Whakamotuhēhē

Haere ki **Ngā Paetukutuku**, pāwhiri i te pae tukutuku, kātahi **Putanga Raraunga**.

E whakaatu ana te whārangi i ngā mea e rima:

| Āpure | Uara |
|---|---|
| Host | `127.0.0.1` |
| Port | `3306` |
| Database | tō ingoa pātengi raraunga |
| Username | tō kaiwhakamahi pātengi raraunga |
| Password | kua huna, me tētahi pātene whakaatu me tētahi pātene tārua |

Ehara te kupuhipa i te mea ka whakaatuhia kotahi anake. Ka taea e koe te hoki mai ā muri ake, ā, ka pānui i a ia i ngā wā e hiahia ai koe, nō reira kāore he take kia tiakina motuhake.

Ko te tūmau pātengi raraunga he MariaDB 10.11, ā, he hototahi ki a MySQL. He mea nui tēnei i tētahi āhuatanga whaihua: ka taea e tētahi tāpuhipuhi i tangohia mai i tētahi putanga hōu o MySQL te mau i ētahi whakarōpūtanga (collations) kāore e mōhiotia e MariaDB, ā, ka rahua te kawemai me te hapa "unknown collation". Mēnā ka pēnā, tāpuhipuhi anō mā te whakamahi i tētahi whakarōpūtanga whānui tōna hototahi pēnei i a `utf8mb4_unicode_ci`, ki te kore, rapua ka whakakapi i roto i te kōnae tāpuhipuhi i mua i te kawemai.

![Te ripa Database mō tētahi pae tukutuku i roto i te KPanel, e whakaatu ana i ngā taipitopito hononga pātengi raraunga](https://support.kapsulehost.com/help/screenshots/database-remote-access.84df4ba6.webp)

## He Aha i Noho ai te Host hei 127.0.0.1

Ko te tikanga o `127.0.0.1` he "tēnei miihini". Ko te tūmau pātengi raraunga anake e whakarongo ana ki te atanga ā-roto o te miihini, ā, kāore hoki te tauranga 3306 i whakatuwherahia ki te ipurangi i te pātū ahi. Kāore he tautuhinga i roto i te papa whakahaere hei whakatuwhera i a ia, kāore anō hoki he rārangi whakaaetanga IP mōna.

Ehara tēnei i te mea i mahue noa. Ko tētahi tauranga pātengi raraunga e kitea ana e te ipurangi tētahi o ngā mea tino tūpono kia whakamahia kinohia i roto i te manaaki pae tukutuku: ka mātaihia tonutia, ka pāoho i ngā mōhiohio putanga ki ngā tāngata katoa e hono mai ana, ā, mā roto i te kupuhipa ngoikore kotahi ka ngaro katoa tō pae tukutuku. Mā te whakatata tonu i a ia e whakakorehia ai taua momo tūraru.

Nō reira, mā tētahi aho hononga e whakamahi ana i te wāhitau IP tūmatanui o tō pae tukutuku me te tauranga 3306, ka rahua i ngā wā katoa, mai i ngā wāhi katoa, i runga i ngā mahere katoa. Erua ngā huarahi tautokona hei whakahono.

## Kōwhiringa 1: phpMyAdmin i te Pūtirotiro

Ko te mea māmā rawa mō te tirohanga tere, tētahi whakatikatika, tētahi kawemai, kawanga rānei iti.

I te whārangi Database, pāwhiritia **Tuwhera te phpMyAdmin**. Ka takiuru tika koe mā ō kī whakamotuhēhē ake o tō pae tukutuku, ā, ko ō pātengi raraunga ake anake e kitea ai e koe.

Ko te hononga e mahi nei i tēnei he mea ata whakaarohia kia pōtō te roanga, ā, ka rahu ia i ētahi āhuatanga e rite ana ki te hapa engari ehara:

- **Ka mutu i roto i te 60 hēkona.** Pāwhiritia i te wā e puta mai ai.
- **Kotahi noa te whakamahi.** E kore e mahi mēnā ka hoki whakamuri, ka utaina anō rānei; whakaputahia he mea hōu.
- **Me tuwhera i roto i te pūtirotiro ōrite me te whatunga ōrite** i tonoa mai ai e koe. Mēnā ka tārua koe i te hononga ki tētahi atu pūrere, ki te panoni rānei tō wāhitau hononga i waenganui, ka whakakorehia.

Mēnā ka kite koe i te "This link has already been used", i tētahi karere e pā ana ki te hapa IP rānei, koinā te parenga e mahi ana. Hoki atu ki te whārangi Database ka pāwhiri anō i te pātene.

Mō te mahi tonu i roto i te phpMyAdmin, tirohia [Te Whakamahi i te phpMyAdmin](https://support.kapsulehost.com/mi-nz/sites-phpmyadmin).

## Kōwhiringa 2: He Ana SSH mō Ngā Taputapu Papamahi

Mēnā ka hiahia koe ki te whakamahi i tētahi kaihoko papamahi, koinei te huarahi tautokona. Ka whakatuwhera te ana i tētahi hononga whakamunatia ki te tūmau, ā, ka hāpai i tētahi tauranga i runga i tō miihini ake mā roto i a ia, nō reira ka hono tō kaihoko ki tētahi mea e āhua pātengi raraunga ā-rohe.

### Ngā Mea Me Whiwhi i Mua

He kī SSH i runga i te pae tukutuku. Kāore e whakaaetia te motuhēhē kupuhipa, nō reira ehara tēnei hīkoi i te mea kōwhiri noa.

1. Haere ki **Ngā Paetukutuku**, te pae tukutuku, **Tautuhinga**, kātahi **Ngā Kī SSH**.
2. Whakapiritia rānei te kī tūmatanui e whakamahia ana e koe, whakaputahia rānei he takirua kī hōu mai i te papa whakahaere.
3. Tuhia te ingoa kaiwhakamahi e whakaatuhia ana i taua whārangi. Koinā te kaiwhakamahi pūnaha o tō pae tukutuku, ā, koinā te mea e hono ai koe.

Mēnā ka whakaputa koe i tētahi kī mā te papa whakahaere, **ka whakaatuhia te kī tūmataiti kotahi noa, ā, e kore anō e whakaatuhia anō**. Tiakina i reira tonu, ā, waiho ki tētahi wāhi e taea ai e koe anake te pānui.

Ka whiwhi hoki koe i tētahi īmēra ina tāpirihia tētahi kī ki tō pae tukutuku. He mea ata whakaarohia tērā. Mēnā ka tae mai tētahi, ehara nā koe, whakakorehia i taua whārangi i taua wā tonu, ā, pānuihia [Mēnā Kua Hākangia Tō Pae Tukutuku](https://support.kapsulehost.com/mi-nz/site-hacked-what-to-do).

Tirohia [Te Tāpiri i Ngā Kī SSH](https://support.kapsulehost.com/mi-nz/adding-ssh-keys) mō te whakahaere katoa.

> **Warning:** E kore e mahi tētahi pūkete SFTP i hangaia i runga i te ripa SFTP mō tētahi ana. He mea tuku kōnae anake aua pūkete, kāore he anga (shell), kāore hoki he hāpai tauranga. Me whakamahi te ana i te kaiwhakamahi SSH ake o te pae tukutuku me tētahi kī. Tirohia [Te Urunga SFTP](https://support.kapsulehost.com/mi-nz/sftp-access).

### Te Whakatuwhera i te Ana

Mai i tētahi pūmotuhē i runga i tō miihini ake:

```sh
ssh -N -L 3307:127.0.0.1:3306 your-ssh-user@cp1-kapsule.kapsulehost.com
```

Whakakapihia `your-ssh-user` ki te ingoa kaiwhakamahi mai i te whārangi Ngā Kī SSH. Mā te wāwāhi i tērā:

- Ko te tikanga o `-N` he kaua e whakahaere i tētahi whakahau, engari me pupuri noa i te ana kia tuwhera tonu.
- Ka hāpai `-L 3307:127.0.0.1:3306` i te tauranga 3307 i runga i tō miihini ki te tauranga 3306 i runga i te tūmau.
- Ka whakamahia te tauranga 3307 kaua ko te 3306 kia kore ai e tutaki ki tētahi pātengi raraunga e whakahaerehia ana e koe ā-rohe pea.

Kāore e tā puta tētahi aha mēnā e whai hua ana te whakahau. Koinā te tika. Waiho te matapihi pūmotuhē kia tuwhera mō te roanga e hiahiatia ana e koe i te hononga, ka pāwhiri i te Ctrl+C hei kati.

### Te Whakahono i Tō Kaihoko

Kia tuwhera ana te ana, whakatikahia tō taputapu pātengi raraunga kia anga atu ki:

| Tautuhinga | Uara |
|---|---|
| Host | `127.0.0.1` |
| Port | `3307` |
| Username | te ingoa kaiwhakamahi pātengi raraunga mai i te whārangi Database |
| Password | te kupuhipa pātengi raraunga mai i te whārangi Database |
| Database | tō ingoa pātengi raraunga |

Kia mahara ki te wāwāhitanga: ko te ingoa kaiwhakamahi **SSH** ko tō kaiwhakamahi pūnaha o te pae tukutuku, ā, ko te ingoa kaiwhakamahi **pātengi raraunga** he mea rerekē mai i te whārangi Database. Ko te whakararu i ēnei e rua te hapa tino noa rawa i konei.

He maha ngā kaihoko papamahi kei te whai anō i tētahi kōwhiringa "connect over SSH tunnel" oti rawa, e mahi ana i ngā mea i runga ake nei me te kore e whai pūmotuhē motuhake. Whakakīhia te host SSH `cp1-kapsule.kapsulehost.com`, te tauranga 22, tō ingoa kaiwhakamahi SSH, me tō kōnae kī tūmataiti, kātahi ko ngā āpure pātengi raraunga pēnei i runga ake nei.

Tirohia [Te Ana SSH Pātengi Raraunga](https://support.kapsulehost.com/mi-nz/database-ssh-tunnel) mō te whakatikatanga mō ia kaihoko.

## Te Rārangi Whakahau i Runga i te Tūmau

Mēnā kei te watea koe ki te mahi i roto i tētahi pūmotuhē, kāore koe e hiahia ana ki tētahi ana. Hono mā SSH ka mahi tonu i runga i te tūmau:

```sh
ssh your-ssh-user@cp1-kapsule.kapsulehost.com
mysqldump -u DBUSER -p DBNAME > backup.sql
```

He tere ake tēnei i te toia haere i tētahi pātengi raraunga nui mā roto i tētahi ana, ā, koinei te huarahi tika hei tango i tētahi tāpuhipuhi ā-ringa i mua i tētahi panonitanga tūraru. Mō WordPress tonu, pai ake tonu pea [WP-CLI](https://support.kapsulehost.com/mi-nz/wordpress-wp-cli).

## Te Whakatika Raru

**"Connection refused" i te tauranga 3306 mai i tō miihini ake.** E tatari ana. Tirohia i runga ake nei. Whakamahia tētahi ana.

**Ka tono te whakahau ana mō tētahi kupuhipa.** Kāore tō kī e tukuna ana, kāore rānei i te whakauruhia. Tirohia kei te whārangi Ngā Kī SSH tō kī, ka tāpiri i `-i /path/to/your/private/key` ki te whakahau.

**"Permission denied (publickey)".** He ingoa kaiwhakamahi hē, he kī hē rānei. Ko te ingoa kaiwhakamahi ko te mea kei runga i te whārangi Ngā Kī SSH, ehara i tō īmēra takiuru KapsuleHost.

**"Address already in use" mō te tauranga 3307.** Kua tuwhera kētia tētahi ana, kei te whakamahia rānei taua tauranga e tētahi atu mea. Katia tērā atu, kōwhiria rānei tētahi tauranga ā-rohe rerekē pēnei i te 3308.

**Ka tuwhera te ana engari kāore e taea e te kaihoko te hono.** Whakaūngia kei te anga tō kaihoko ki `127.0.0.1` me tō tauranga ā-rohe i kōwhiria, kaua ki tō rorohiko matua (domain).

**"Access denied for user".** He mea e pā ana ki ngā kī whakamotuhēhē pātengi raraunga, kaua ki te SSH. Whakaatuhia, tāruahia anō mai i te whārangi Database.

**"Unknown collation" i te wā kawemai.** Kua kōrerohia kētia i runga ake nei. Tāpuhipuhi anō mā tētahi whakarōpūtanga hototahi.

> **Important:** Ko tētahi mea e mahia ana e koe i roto i tētahi kaihoko pātengi raraunga ka whai hua i taua wā tonu, ā, e kore e taea te whakahoki. Kāore he hīkoi whakaūtanga, kāore he peka para hoki. Tangohia tētahi tāpuhipuhi haumaru i mua i te whakahaere i tētahi aha e tuhi ana. Tirohia [Te Tango i Tētahi Tāpuhipuhi Haumaru](https://support.kapsulehost.com/mi-nz/taking-a-backup).

## Ngā Aratohu Whai Pānga

- [Te Whakamahi i te phpMyAdmin](https://support.kapsulehost.com/mi-nz/sites-phpmyadmin)
- [Te Ana SSH Pātengi Raraunga](https://support.kapsulehost.com/mi-nz/database-ssh-tunnel)
- [Te Tāpiri i Ngā Kī SSH](https://support.kapsulehost.com/mi-nz/adding-ssh-keys)
- [Te Urunga SFTP](https://support.kapsulehost.com/mi-nz/sftp-access)
- [Te Tango i Tētahi Tāpuhipuhi Haumaru](https://support.kapsulehost.com/mi-nz/taking-a-backup)
- [Ngā Pae Tukutuku](https://support.kapsulehost.com/mi-nz/sites-overview)
- [Kuputaka Manaaki Pae Tukutuku](https://support.kapsulehost.com/mi-nz/glossary)