DNS tētahi o ngā mea e mahi ngaro ana i te wā e tika ana ngā mea katoa, ā, ka tino whai take kia mārama koe ki a ia i te wā he hē kei reira. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga he aha a DNS, he aha te mahi a ia momo pūkete, me pēhea te whakahaere i ngā pūkete DNS i KPanel.
He Aha a DNS?
Me whakaaro ki a DNS (Domain Name System) hei pukapuka waea mō te ipurangi. Ina tāuhihia e koe yourdomain.com ki roto i te pūtirotiro, kāore tō rorohiko e mōhio aunoa ko tēhea tūmau me hono atu. Ka whakamāoritia e DNS te ingoa rorohiko e taea ai e te tangata te pānui hei wāhitau IP ā-tau e whakamahia ana e ngā rorohiko hei kimi i te tūmau tika.
Mēnā kāore he DNS, me tāuhi koe i tētahi mea pēnei i a 192.168.1.200 hei toro atu ki ia pae tukutuku. Nā DNS i whai hua ai te ipurangi mā te whakaae ki a tātou kia whakamahi i ngā ingoa māmā kia maumahara ai, kaua ko ngā nama anake.
Kei ia rohe ingoa tētahi huinga pūkete DNS e mahi ana hei rārangi raupapa mōna: ki hea te tuku i te hokohoko tukutuku, ki hea te tuku i te īmēra, he aha ngā ratonga kua whakaaetia hei tuku īmēra mō tōna taha, me ētahi atu anō.
Kei Hea e Whakahaeretia Ana ngā Pūkete DNS
Ka whakahaeretia ngā pūkete DNS mō tō rohe ingoa i te wāhi e tohu atu ai ō tūmau ingoa. Mēnā kei te whakamahi tō rohe ingoa i ngā tūmau ingoa a KapsuleHost (ns1.kapsulecloud.com, ns2.kapsulecloud.com, ns3.kapsuledns.com, ns4.kapsuledns.com), kātahi katoa ngā pūkete DNS e whakahaeretia ana mai i KPanel > Rohe > tō rohe ingoa > DNS me ngā Tūmau Ingoa.
Mēnā kei te whakamahi koe i ngā tūmau ingoa a tētahi kaiwhakarato kē, ka whakahaeretia e koe ngā pūkete DNS i taua kaiwhakarato, kaua i KPanel.
Ngā Momo Pūkete DNS Tino Whai Take
Pūkete A
Ka whakapā te pūkete A i tō ingoa rohe ki tētahi wāhitau IPv4. Koinei te huarahi e mōhio ai ngā pūtirotiro ki tēhea tūmau me hono atu ina toro mai tētahi tangata ki tō pae tukutuku.
Tauira:
yourdomain.com. A 203.0.113.10
www.yourdomain.com. A 203.0.113.10
Ko te rohe matua me te paetukutuku-iti www, he tikanga kei a rāua ngā pūkete A e tohu atu ana ki te IP tūmau kotahi.
Ko ngā wā e whakamahia ai: Me whai ia rohe ingoa e whakahaere ana i tētahi pae tukutuku i te iti rawa kotahi pūkete A. Mā KapsuleHost tēnei e hanga aunoa i te wā ka tāpirihia e koe tētahi rohe ingoa.
Pūkete AAAA
He rite te pūkete AAAA ki te pūkete A, engari mō IPv6. He roa ake ngā wāhitau IPv6 (hei tauira, 2001:db8::1), ā, kei te kaha haere te whakamahia i a rātou i te mea kei te neke te ipurangi mai i IPv4. He rite tonu te mahi: te tohu atu i te ingoa rohe ki tētahi wāhitau tūmau.
Ko ngā wā e whakamahia ai: Ko te nuinga o ngā pae tukutuku kāore e hiahia ana ki te whirihora ā-ringa i ngā pūkete AAAA. Ka whakahaeretia aunoatia ēnei i te wā e tautoko ana tō tūmau whakahautanga i a IPv6.
Pūkete CNAME
Ka hanga te pūkete CNAME (Canonical Name) i tētahi ingoa huna, e tohu atu ana i tētahi ingoa rohe ki tētahi atu ingoa rohe, kaua ki tētahi wāhitau IP. Ka whai te pūtirotiro i te CNAME kia kitea ai te pūkete A ā-mutunga.
Tauira:
shop.yourdomain.com. CNAME yourdomain.com.
Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ka taki shop.yourdomain.com ki te wāhi kotahi e taki ai hoki yourdomain.com.
Ko ngā wā e whakamahia ai: He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā CNAME mō ngā paetukutuku-iti, mō te whakaū i te rangatiratanga o tētahi rohe ingoa ki ngā ratonga tuatoru (hei tauira, Google Search Console), ā, mō te tohu atu i tētahi paetukutuku-iti ki tētahi ratonga o waho pēnei i tētahi pokapū āwhina kua whakahaeretia, me tētahi papa tāpae whakaritenga rānei.
E kore koe e taea te whakamahi i te CNAME i te rohe matua (yourdomain.com) i te taha o tētahi pūkete MX, ētahi atu pūkete rānei. Whakamahia tētahi pūkete A i te rohe matua, ā, ko ngā pūkete CNAME anake mō ngā paetukutuku-iti.
Pūkete MX
Ka kī te pūkete MX (Mail Exchanger) ki ngā tūmau īmēra ki hea me tuku i ngā īmēra e tukuna ana ki ngā wāhitau o tō rohe ingoa. Ki te kore he pūkete MX tika, ka rahu te tuku īmēra ki a you@yourdomain.com.
Tauira:
yourdomain.com. MX 10 mail.kapsulehost.com.
Ko te nama (10 i te tauira) te whakaraupapatanga matua. Mēnā he maha ngā pūkete MX, ko ngā nama iti ake e whakamātauhia tuatahitia ana. Mā tēnei e taea ai ngā tūmau īmēra tāpiri hei whakahoki.
Ko ngā wā e whakamahia ai: Me whai ia rohe ingoa e whakamahi ana i te īmēra i te iti rawa kotahi pūkete MX. Ina whakamahi tō rohe ingoa i ngā tūmau ingoa a KapsuleHost, ka whakaritea aunoatia ngā pūkete MX ina hanga koe i tētahi pouaka īmēra.
Pūkete TXT
Ka pupuri ngā pūkete TXT i ngā raraunga kupu noa e pā ana ki tētahi rohe ingoa. Ka whakamahia ēnei mō ngā kaupapa huhua:
SPF (Sender Policy Framework): Ka tohu he aha ngā tūmau kua whakaaetia hei tuku īmēra mō tō rohe ingoa. Ka ārai i te tinihanga īmēra.
DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail): He kī ā-tuhipoka e whakamahia ana hei whakaū nā tō tūmau īmēra pono i tuku te īmēra mai i tō rohe ingoa, kaua he mea tito.
DMARC: He kaupapa here e kī ana ki ngā tūmau īmēra e whiwhi ana me aha ki ngā īmēra e rahu ana i ngā whakamātautau SPF, DKIM rānei.
Whakaūnga rohe ingoa: Ko ngā ratonga pēnei i a Google Search Console, Microsoft 365, me ētahi atu, ka tono ki a koe kia tāpirihia tētahi pūkete TXT hei whakaatu nāu te rohe ingoa.
Tauira:
yourdomain.com. TXT "v=spf1 include:mail.kapsulehost.com ~all"
Ina whakamahi tō rohe ingoa i ngā tūmau ingoa a KapsuleHost, ka whakaritea aunoatia ngā pūkete SPF, DKIM, me DMARC mō ō pouaka īmēra KapsuleHost.
Pūkete NS
Ka tohu ngā pūkete NS (Name Server) he aha ngā tūmau DNS e whai mana ana mō tō rohe ingoa. Ka whakaatu rātou ki te ipurangi ki hea me haere kia kitea ai ngā pūkete DNS katoa o tō rohe ingoa.
Tauira:
yourdomain.com. NS ns1.kapsulecloud.com.
yourdomain.com. NS ns2.kapsulecloud.com.
yourdomain.com. NS ns3.kapsuledns.com.
yourdomain.com. NS ns4.kapsuledns.com.
Ko ngā wā e whakamahia ai: Ka whakaritea ngā pūkete NS i tō rēhita, kaua i tō papa whakahaere DNS. Ko te huri i ngā pūkete NS ka whakawhiti i te mana whakahaere DNS mai i tētahi kaiwhakarato ki tētahi atu. Tirohia Te Huri i ngā Tūmau Ingoa kia Tohu ai tō Rohe Ingoa ki KapsuleHost.
Kaua e whakarerekē tika i ngā pūkete NS i roto i KPanel. Ka mahia ngā huringa NS i tō rēhita rohe ingoa. Mēnā ka hē te whakatikatika i ngā pūkete NS, ka taea e koe te whakakore i te whakapātanga ki tō rohe ingoa katoa.
TTL: He Aha e Roa Ai ngā Huringa DNS
Ko te TTL (Time to Live) he uara e piri ana ki ia pūkete DNS e kī ana ki ētahi atu tūmau DNS me pēhea te roa o te penapena (rokiroki) i taua pūkete i mua i te tirotiro mō ngā whakahoutanga. Ka ineatia ki ngā hēkona.
Tauira: Ko te TTL o 3600 te tikanga, ka penapenatia te pūkete mō te hāora kotahi. I roto i taua hāora, ahakoa ka huri koe i te pūkete, ka noho tonu ngā rorohiko kua penapena kē i te uara tawhito ki te whakamahi i taua uara tae noa ki te mutunga o tā rātou penapena.
Ngā uara TTL noa:
| Uara TTL | Roanga |
|---|---|
| 300 | 5 meneti |
| 900 | 15 meneti |
| 3600 | 1 hāora |
| 14400 | 4 hāora |
| 86400 | 24 hāora |
He aha i whai take ai tēnei: Ina huri koe i tētahi pūkete DNS, kāore te huringa e puta tonu mai mō te katoa. Ko ngā tāngata me ngā pūnaha huri noa i te ao kei a rātou te pūkete tawhito kua penapenatia, ka whakamahi tonu i te uara tawhito tae noa ki te mutunga o tō rātou TTL. Koinei te take e roa ai te "whakaaenga DNS" (DNS propagation), tae noa ki te 48 hāora mō ngā uara TTL tino nui.
Mēnā kei te mōhio koe ka huri koe i ngā pūkete DNS ā tōna wā (hei tauira, te neke i tētahi pae tukutuku ki tētahi tūmau hou), whakahekea tō TTL ki ngā hēkona 300 i te rā i mua i te huringa. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ka hohoro te mutu o ngā uara tawhito kua penapenatia i muri i tō huringa, ā, ka whakaitihia te roanga o te whakaaenga. Kia mau pai ana te huringa, whakahokia atu te TTL ki tētahi uara teitei ake.
Me Pēhea te Tiro me te Whakatikatika i ngā Pūkete DNS i KPanel
- Takiuru atu ki kpanel.kapsulehost.com
- Pāwhiritia Rohe i te tahataha
- Pāwhiritia tō ingoa rohe
- Pāwhiritia DNS me ngā Tūmau Ingoa i te tahu mārohi
Mai i konei ka taea e koe te:
- Tiro i ngā pūkete katoa kua waiho
- Tāpiri i tētahi pūkete hou mā te pāwhiri i Add Record, ā, mā te kōwhiri i te momo pūkete
- Whakatikatika i tētahi pūkete kua waiho mā te pāwhiri i te tohu whakatikatika
- Muku i tētahi pūkete mā te pāwhiri i te tohu muku
Ka taea e te mukunga o te pūkete DNS hē te whakakore i tō pae tukutuku, tō īmēra rānei. Mēnā kāore koe e mōhio he aha te take o tētahi pūkete, kaua e mukua. Whakapā atu ki a support@kapsulehost.com i mua i te tango i ngā pūkete kāore koe e tino mōhio ana.
Te Tirotiro i ngā Pūkete DNS
Kei roto i KPanel tētahi taputapu tirotiro DNS e taea ai e koe te whakamahi hei whakaū kua whakaaengia tika ō pūkete:
- Haere ki Rohe > tō rohe ingoa > DNS me ngā Tūmau Ingoa
- Rapua tētahi kōwhiringa Check DNS, DNS Checker rānei
- Tāuhihia te momo pūkete me te rohe ingoa e hiahia ana koe kia whakaūtia
Ka taea anō e koe te whakamahi i ngā taputapu tirotiro DNS e wātea noa ana ki te iwi whānui hei whakaū i ngā pūkete mai i waho o te whatunga a KapsuleHost, e āwhina ana kia whakaūtia kua whakaaengia ngā huringa puta noa i te ao.
He Tohutoro Tere
| Momo Pūkete | E Tohu Atu Ana ki | Whakamahia Mō |
|---|---|---|
| A | Wāhitau IP | Te whakahautanga pae tukutuku |
| AAAA | Wāhitau IPv6 | Te whakahautanga IPv6 |
| CNAME | Tētahi atu ingoa rohe | Ngā paetukutuku-iti, ngā ingoa huna |
| MX | Ingoa tūmau o te tūmau īmēra | Te tuku īmēra |
| TXT | Kupu kuputuhi | SPF, DKIM, DMARC, whakaūnga rohe ingoa |
| NS | Ingoa tūmau o te tūmau DNS | Te tukunga tūmau ingoa |